Transportation Modes and their Implications for Distribution Efficiency of Leafy Vegetables in Minna Metropolis, Nigeria.

Abstract

Efficient transport minimises post-harvest losses and improves market access for perishable leafy vegetables in rapidly urbanising Nigerian cities like Minna. However, empirical evidence on how transport mode choice affects distribution efficiency in medium-sized Nigerian cities remains limited. This study examines transport modes used in leafy vegetable distribution in Minna Metropolis and their implications for distribution efficiency. This was assessed using a mixed-method approach involving both objective and subjective measures in order to triangulate findings and improve analytical validity. Combining direct operational measurements with respondents perceived experiences helped to provide a more comprehensive understanding of transportation implications on leafy vegetable distribution efficiency in Minna. A descriptive survey design was used, collecting primary data from farmers and distributors via questionnaires, observations, and interviews across major distribution corridors. Findings show that transport is dominated by informal, low-capacity modes motorcycles (51%) and tricycles (41%), preferred due to availability (32%), load capacity (22%), affordability (18%), and accessibility (17%). Most distribution occurs over short distances, with over half of respondents travelling less than 2 km to market. While flexible and accessible, these modes constrain delivery speed, load consolidation, and product preservation, reducing distribution efficiency. Key constraints include poor road conditions (28%), produce damage during transit (17%), and transport delays (11%). The study concludes that informal transport systems provide critical last-mile connectivity between farms and urban markets but are inadequate for efficient, large‑volume distribution of highly perishable vegetables. Recommendations include improving feeder road infrastructure, increasing access to appropriate intermediate vehicles, and developing coordinated short‑haul agricultural transport systems to enhance distribution efficiency and reduce post‑harvest losses in Minna Metropolis.