Systematic Review on Risk Mitigation Strategies for Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Inland Waterways Transportation: The Nigerian Context

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic review of risk mitigation strategies to improve the operational efficiency of inland waterways transportation (IWWT) in Nigeria. It focuses on challenges specific to Nigeria’s inland waterways and examines global strategies for operational efficiency. By comparing practices from Europe, Southeast Asia, and Africa, the study highlights solutions to funding constraints, piracy, human error and environmental risks. Strategies include GPS integration, port upgrades, infrastructure development, regulatory reforms, adoption of sustainable technologies and fostering public-private partnerships to address these challenges. The findings provide actionable recommendations and future research directions for enhancing the efficiency and safety of Nigeria’s inland waterways system.