Linked Data Readiness of Nigerian University Libraries: Assessing the Future of Bibliographic Control in the Global Metadata Ecosystem

Abstract

This study examined the current state of metadata and cataloging practices, technical infrastructure, human capacity, and policy readiness for linked data adoption in Nigerian university libraries, with the goal of proposing a framework for gradual transition from MARC-based systems to linked data environments. A mixed-method design was adopted. Data were collected through a structured checklist administered to 45 cataloging and systems librarians across 15 federal and state university libraries, complemented by semi-structured interviews with 12 heads of cataloging departments. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Results revealed that MARC21 (88.9%) remains the predominant metadata standard, with limited implementation of RDA (42.2%) and no adoption of BIBFRAME. Only 31.1% of libraries reported possessing the necessary hardware and software infrastructure for linked data implementation, and just 26.7% had stable internet connectivity to support interoperability. Human capacity was notably low only 24.4% of librarians demonstrated adequate awareness of RDF, and 17.8% had received any form of linked data training. Institutional policy support was weak: 84.4% of respondents indicated the absence of organizational frameworks for metadata interoperability. Interview findings corroborated these results, emphasizing barriers such as inadequate ICT funding, lack of policy direction, and insufficient professional development. The study proposes a five-phase framework for progressive linked data adoption emphasizing staff training, infrastructure enhancement, and policy formulation. Findings underscore the urgent need for national and institutional strategies to build technical capacity and develop metadata policies that align with global linked data initiatives. This study provides one of the first empirical assessments of linked data readiness in Nigerian university libraries and offers a contextual framework adaptable to other developing-country library systems seeking to transition from MARC to linked data environments.