MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES

Abstract

Today, all countries of the world suffer from the high number of people with diabetes, which is increasing and expanding on the extreme level. If left untreated, diabetes can precede the development of severe complications over time that can harm the heart, blood vessels, eyes, teeth, kidneys, nerves, and ultimately lead to death (CDC, 2022). Diabetic complications are a leading cause of amputations, which leave the victim permanently disabled. Some of the major complications include cardiovascular disease, which causes mortality among diabetics (IDF, 2021). Diabetic adults have a two to three times higher risk of heart attacks and strokes (Sarwar et al., 2020). Another complication is diabetic neuropathy, which is defined as nerve damage due to high blood sugar. The most common type is peripheral neuropathy, which mostly affects the feet when combined with restricted blood flow, it rises risks of foot ulcers and infections, eventually leading to limb amputations (WHO, 2021). Furthermore, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic eye disease, is a common cause of blindness due to long-term damage to the retina’s tiny blood vessels. Diabetes has rendered almost one million individual blinds (GBD, 2019).