Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Gidan Waya Tin Ore: Implications for Efficient Beneficiation and Tin Extraction

Abstract

This study investigates the characterization and beneficiation of Gidan Waya tin ore, focusing on its mineralogical and chemical composition to optimize gravity concentration processing. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that tin (Sn) is the dominant element in the ore, accounting for 37.85%, followed by silicon (Si) at 11.18%, and iron (Fe) at 4.72%. Other elements such as niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), and calcium (Ca) were also detected in smaller quantities. Mineralogical analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that cassiterite (SnO₂) is the most abundant mineral phase, comprising 71% of the sample, with quartz (SiO₂) and archerite (NH₄) also present. The findings highlight the significance of removing gangue minerals, particularly quartz, to enhance the recovery of tin. The results suggest that Gidan Waya tin ore contains valuable trace elements and impurities that can influence the beneficiation process, underscoring the need for a tailored approach to processing. This study provides vital information for developing efficient and sustainable tin extraction methods, which could contribute to improved resource utilization and economic growth in Nigeria's mining sector.