Topographic and Radiometric Integration for Enhanced Structural Mapping in Gold Exploration: A Case Study of North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Accurate delineation of structurally controlled hydrothermal alteration zones is critical for gold exploration in basement terrains. This study integrates topographic and radiometric data to enhance structural mapping in parts of North-Central Nigeria, a region within the Nigerian Basement Complex known for gold mineralization. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and radiometric datasets were processed to delineate lineaments, identify hydrothermal alteration zones, and establish their relationship with known gold occurrences. Topographic derivatives such as slope, curvature, aspect, and terrain ruggedness Index (TRI) were combined with potassium (K), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) concentration maps, as well as K/Th and F-parameter ratios, to highlight regions of structural complexity and potential mineralization. Lineament density and directional analyses revealed dominant NE-SW and NW-SE structural trends, consistent with regional tectonics, which coincide with mapped gold mineralized zones, suggesting strong tectonic controls on mineral emplacement. Results indicate that potassium anomalies, elevated K/Th ratios, and high F-parameter values are spatially in line with structurally controlled zones delineated from topographic analysis. Several of these coincident anomalies correspond to known artisanal gold mining sites, while others define previously unrecognized prospective corridors. This investigation demonstrates how the fusion of SRTM-derived geomorphological parameters and airborne radiometric data helps improve the delineation of gold favourable zones. The findings contribute to exploration strategies by delineating priority zones that warrant detailed geophysical and geochemical follow-up.