Phytochemical screening, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities of parts of Cleome rutidosperma: A comparative study

Abstract

Background/Aim: Cleome rutidosperma is traditionally used as a remedy for several diseases such as diabetes and malarial. The phytochemical screening and influence of hydroethanol extracts of C. rutidosperma parts (leaves and roots) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and parameters of oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male albino rats were investigated. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical assays for the extracts were done by standard procedures. Different doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight) of the extracts were administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: The presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, steroids, Terpenoid, Cardiac glycoside, and Phenol was detected in the leaves, while all the phytocomponent determined, except alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, and phenol were detected in the root extract in varying degrees. The induction of diabetes led to a significant (P < 0.05) rise in blood glucose level and marked disturbances of the biochemical parameters assessed, in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. However, treatment with different doses of C. rutidosperma extracts caused a significant (P < 0.05) reverse in blood glucose level, and the serum and tissues (livers and kidneys) biochemical parameters that were examined to be near normal. Conclusion: The results displayed significant anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties of both extracts dose dependently, with the leaves extracts comparatively displaying better activity than the extract of the root.