SYNTHESIS OF SULFONATED CARBON-BASED CAT FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF NEEM SEED 0IL.

Abstract

This study examines the synthesis Of sulfonated carbon-based catalysts made from neem seed residue for thc transesterification Of neem seed Oil. which produces biodiesel. The catalysts were synthesised via pyrolysis and sulfonation with COLIC. H2S04. Biodiesel yields were recorded by adjusting the catalysts' sulfonation temperatures (140—200 C). The maximum yield (95.90%) was attained at a sulfonation of 200 C. The catalyst's characterization revealed that •he catalyst possessed surface area, pore volumes, and pore sizes for reaction during transesterification. The density, viscosity. specific gravity, cetane number, and calorific value of the resultant biodiesel were in compliance with ASTM D6751 criteria. This study shows how neem seed oil and residue could bC used as sustainable for effective biodiesel synthesis, supporting renewable energy sources and valuing agricultural waste.