Preservation Methods and Digitisation Techniques on Management of Cultural Artefacts: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review examines contemporary preservation methods and digitisation techniques employed in managing cultural artefacts, synthesizing findings from 48 studies published between 2010 and 2024. Cultural artefacts are vital for preserving heritage, identity, and history, necessitating effective management strategies. Traditional physical preservation methods such as climate-controlled storage, restoration, pest management, and preventive conservation remain foundational for maintaining artefact integrity. Concurrently, digitisation techniques including 3D scanning, digital archiving, and virtual exhibitions have increasingly complemented these methods by improving documentation, accessibility, and public engagement. The review reveals that integrated approaches combining physical preservation and digitisation offer significant benefits, enhancing conservation outcomes and enabling wider dissemination of cultural knowledge. However, challenges persist, notably the high costs of digital technologies, limited technical expertise, and insufficient institutional capacity. Moreover, ethical considerations and community involvement are critical to culturally sensitive management but are often underemphasized. The methodology involved systematic literature searches across major databases using keywords related to cultural artefact preservation and digitisation, followed by rigorous screening and narrative synthesis of eligible studies. Based on findings, this review recommends increased investment in professional training, sustainable funding models, stronger policy frameworks, and active community engagement to support integrated preservation practices. Future research should explore affordable digitisation solutions adaptable to resource-limited settings and develop comprehensive models that harmonize physical and digital management techniques. In conclusion, the integration of traditional and digital preservation methods is essential for safeguarding cultural artefacts sustainably, ensuring their longevity and accessibility for educational and cultural enrichment across generations.