Mathematical analysis of a novel fractional order vaccination model for tuberculosis incorporating susceptible class with underlying ailment

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable, airborne infection caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common presentation, although infection can spread anywhere to cause extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In this paper, a novel fractional order mathematical model is designed for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis. Uninfected vulnerable individuals are categorized into the following: susceptible with underline ailment and susceptible without underline ailment. The research seeks to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the proposed model and suggests comprehensive intervention measures for the control of tuberculosis among individuals with underline ailment. Some of the major highlights from the numerical investigation points out that TB vaccination is key to reducing the spread of TB among individuals with underline ailment. Furthermore, efforts to step down the spread of TB through awareness campaigns could significantly reduce the burden of the disease among individuals with co-morbidity.