Computational Assessment of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Dispersion from Ibom Power Thermal Plant Using Gaussian Plume Modelling Techniques.

Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from gas-fired thermal power plants contribute to air quality degradation and long-term climate change. In Nigeria, the increasing reliance on natural gas for electricity generation necessitates the assessment of CO₂ dispersion patterns around power plant facilities. This research paper contributes to sustainable development in Nigeria by presenting a quantitative assessment of atmospheric CO₂ dispersion from the Ibom Power Thermal Plant, using Gaussian plume modelling techniques. The governing advection– diffusion equation was solved analytically using collocation technique and implemented in MAPLE for simulation and visualization. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on model parameters such as emission rate, wind velocity, reaction rate, stack height and atmospheric stability classes. The results identify a critical impact zone between 2000–5000m downwind where ground-level 𝐶𝑂2 is likely to be highest, especially under stable atmospheric conditions. Increased wind speed and stack height significantly reduce concentrations, while higher emission rates and stable atmospheric conditions increase CO₂ concentration. The reaction term introduces additional reduction in CO₂ concentration with distance, although its effect is smaller compared to meteorological and source parameters. The findings support the placement of sensitive receptors such as residential areas, schools, and hospitals outside the high-impact region and demonstrate the usefulness of Gaussian-based dispersion modelling for environmental impact assessment.