Artifi cial Intelligence – Powered Cyber Warfare: Resources, Methods, Weaponisation, Forensics, Threat Intelligence and Defenses: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Artifi cial Intelligence (AI) is gradually changing how cyber warfare works, creating new opportunities but also posing threats. This systematic literature review analyses how AI is used in diff erent areas, focusing on resources, methods, weaponisation, forensics, threat intelligence, defences and research directions. This study uses PRISMA-ScR methodology to analyse relevant publications published between 2018 and 2025. The fi ndings indicate that AI technologies are increasingly being utilised for reconnaissance, automated cyberatt acks, and enhanced threat detection. It also increases defensive measures by implementing intelligent systems that ensure faster response and mitigation. However, the increased reliance on AI raises serious concerns about ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, data privacy issues, and the high risk of autonomous weaponisation. The study highlights the need to improve AI-based defense systems and forensic methods to keep up with changing cyber threats. The paper ends by recommending more research in AI, stronger cybersecurity systems, and greater international cooperation to ensure AI is used responsibly in cyber warfare.