Effect of Interactive Simulations on Students’ Achievement and Conceptual Mastery in Chemistry in Secondary Schools in Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT-Abuja

Abstract

Education is the foundation for personal growth and national development, and science education plays a vital role in building skills, values, and knowledge for a technology-driven world. Yet, Chemistry remains one of the most challenging subjects in Nigerian secondary schools due to its abstract nature, limited laboratory facilities, and reliance on traditional lecture methods that encourage rote memorization rather than deep understanding. This paper explores the potential of interactive simulations, particularly PhET, to address these challenges by making abstract concepts visual, engaging, and student-centered. Evidence from both local and international studies shows that simulations improve comprehension, conceptual mastery, retention, and academic achievement while boosting students’ motivation and interest in STEM fields. Although barriers such as inadequate infrastructure and limited teacher training remain, these challenges can be overcomed through strategic curriculum reform, professional development, and technology integration. The findings highlight the urgent need to adopt interactive simulations as a practical, affordable, and effective approach to improving Chemistry education in Nigeria.