Industry Voices: Identifying Critical Employability Factors Through Employer Assessment of Undergraduate Interns

Abstract

Graduate employability is a key concern in higher education, with gaps between employer expectations and graduate readiness. Industrial internships bridge academic learning and professional practice, yet employer feedback on undergraduate performance is understudied. This study analyzes industry perspectives on employability factors to inform curriculum development and enhance graduate workforce preparation. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed 147 employers from technology, healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and professional services who supervised interns in the past year, followed by semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and factor analysis; qualitative data underwent thematic coding. Communication skills ranked highest (M=4.73, 94.6% deemed critical), followed by reliability/professionalism (M=4.68) and problem-solving (M=4.61). Factor analysis identified three dimensions: Interpersonal & Professional Competencies (32.1% variance), Cognitive & Adaptive Capabilities (19.6%), and Technical & Operational Skills (16.7%). Technical skills ranked ninth. Industry variations showed technology valuing problem-solving, healthcare prioritizing reliability, and professional services emphasizing communication. Qualitative themes highlighted a preference for soft skills, with employers valuing "attitude over aptitude." Higher education should embed communication, professionalism, and collaboration in curricula, redesign courses for real-world application, and develop internship programs emphasizing professional behaviour to improve employability.