Design of Experiment. Modern Library and Information Science for Information Professionals.

Abstract

Research is a very vital aspect of educational development. A significant feature in educational study is the design of research. In experimental studies, design is the pivot on which the study revolves. This chapter, therefore, gives an insight into the concept and types of design of experiments, also called experimental design. It is hoped and believed that the content of this heading, which nevertheless is not exhaustic, will serve as guide to researchers who desire to toe the path of experiment in their research endeavour. A design is a conceptual framework of a project. The term design of experiment refers, therefore, to the conceptual plan within which experiment is conducted. It is the framework for the conduct of the experiment. Designs of experiment differ in various ways: (i) in number of independent variables that are manipulated because while some have only one independent variable, others have two or more; (ii) in the method of assigning subjects to different treatments; (iii) in how often dependent variable measure are made and whether all subjects receive all treatments or not. Design of experiment functions in (a) establishing the conditions for the comparison needed to test hypothesis of experiment. (b) enabling the researcher to make meaningful interpretation of results of study through statistical analysis of data. A researcher must therefore consider these functions before selecting a research design. Other criteria that must be considered in selecting a design is that the design must (i) be appropriate for testing the particular hypothesis of the study;