http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/66 Geography Thu, 19 Feb 2026 15:13:32 GMT 2026-02-19T15:13:32Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30147 Title: Assessment of the extent of soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, northwestern Nigeria Authors: Aminu, Zuni; Ibrahim, Ishiaku; Aminu, Haruna Gattah; Garba, Yauri Safyanu Abstract: This paper assessed soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, Northwestern Nigeria. The specific objectives entailed identifying major forms of soil loss in the study area, estimating soil loss and examining the responses of soil physico-chemical properties over dominant land use types. Slope angles were determined using a GPS, a handheld Abney level, ranging poles and a 30 m measuring tape while gully depths, widths and lengths were taken at 5 m-30 m intervals. Key soil physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard procedures. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to summarize the data generated from the study. The analysis of variance and the student’s t-test was used to test for significant association between and within pairs of land uses. The results show that slopes range from 4⁰ - 16⁰, while the magnitude of soil loss ranged between 3580.32 m3 in K1 (Kalgo 1), 3550.89 m3 in G2 (Goru 2) and 161.01 m3 in A1 (Angwar Daji 1). Results show significance at p≤ 0.05 in bulk density values over the different land uses with the highest bulk density value of 1.78 g/cm3 in badland and lowest value of 1.35 g/cm3 in plantation land use. Total nitrogen range between 0.01 - 0.38% with the least values in badland and scrubland, while soil base saturation is highest over plantation (76.3%) and lowest in badland (50.4%). The study concludes that the dominant geomorphic responses identified in the study area are gully initiation and development and a varying magnitude of soil degradation over the different land uses. The findings should facilitate policy initiation to rehabilitate degraded lands, adopt sustainable soil management practices such as tree planting while linking geomorphological information to infrastructural planning and development. Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30147 2024-01-30T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30146 Title: Teleconnection of spatial variations of effective onset of rainfall and ENSO\IOD over savanna zones of Nigeria Authors: Ibrahim, Ishiaku; Usman, M.T Abstract: This study characterised the spatio-temporal patterns of effective rainfall onset dates, their variability and their relationship with ENSO/IOD over Savanna zones of Nigeria. Daily rainfall and ENSO/IOD data for the period 1971–2015 were used. The IntraSeasonal Rainfall Monitoring Index (IRMI) was applied to identify and classify effective rainfall onset dates. The classified effective rainfall onset dates were subjected to the Mann-Kendall trend test. The coefficient of variation (CV) was employed for the variability test, while Pearson’s product-moment correlation was employed to establish an association between variables. The results indicate a variation in the effective start of rainfall of 15 days, and 30–60 days, in the Guinea Savanna and SudanoSahelian Savanna zones, respectively, between the western and eastern axes. The onset date trend test revealed that stations in the guinea savanna zone tended to have later effective onset dates while stations in the Sudano-Sahelian savanna zone tended to have earlier onset dates of rainfall. The correlation test showed a significant and insignificant positive relationship between effective rainfall onset dates and the ENSO/IOD phase, particularly in the stations across the guinea savanna zones of the study area. It is expected that this information on the variability of effective rainfall onset dates, when provided in aid of rain-fed agriculture, could support decision-making on crop types to be cultivated and on the planning of sowing dates across the study area. These findings are of high importance to the entire West African sub-region, including other parts of the world that share similar monsoon rainfall and physical characteristics of these savanna zones. Mon, 12 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30146 2021-04-12T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30145 Title: Analysis of Hydro-Meteorological Variables and Runoff Characteristics in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria Authors: Ojoye, Samsideen; Ifabiyi, I. P; Ibrahim, Ishiaku Abstract: This study examines the impact of climate change on hydrologic resources of selected rivers and lakes in the Sudano- Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Climatologically data acquired were rainfall, temperature and evaporation from Nigeria Meteorological Agency, Oshodi, Lagos. Similarly, the hydrological data of river discharge and lake levels were obtained from Nigeria Hydrological Services, Kaduna. We used the Standardised Anomaly Index to test for fluctuations in rainfall, temperature, runoff and water level in lakes. Mann Kendall statistics were used to examine the trends in the climate variables. Pearman correlation was adopted to test the relationship between runoff and the rainfall variables. The findings revealed a general downward trend in rainfall amounts in the 1970s and 1980s. The findings also detected an upward trend in the amount of rainfall from 1990 to 2019. The correlation results of rainfall attributes and runoff showed significant relationships in annual rainfall (r= 0.61), annual rain-days (r=0.61), rain days of heavy rainfall (r= 0.57) and wet season rainfall (r=0.54). These attributed when combined, revealed a 51% contribution to the overall regression with (r=0.51) at 95% probability level. The study concluded that the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria experiencing an increase in the annual rainfall. The increase in rainfall point to the recovery of the rainfall from the great Sahelian drought of the 1970s and 1980s. The rise in the annual rainfall is a possible influencing factor to the frequent occurrences of flooding in recent time across the ecological zone. Thu, 31 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30145 2020-12-31T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30144 Title: ANALYSIS OF VEGETATION COVER CHANGES USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) IN BIRNIN KEBBI, NIGERIA Authors: Usman, Kaoje Ismail; Ibrahim, Ishiaku Abstract: Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thereby mitigating the impact of global warming and climate change and also preventing desertification. In Nigeria, desertification poses a threat to the livelihoods of numerous communities, particularly in the northern region. Consequently, this study focused on the analysis of the changes in the vegetation cover in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria, from 1994 to 2021, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This was with a view to projecting further changes the next decade through simple linear regression. The results indicate an irregular pattern of vegetation change. The NDVI maximum values decreased from 0.442 in 1994 to 0.411 2002. However, between 2002 and 2021, the values increased from 0.411 to 0.496, revealing a general vegetation increase of 4.01% over 27 years. Although, a gradual decline in vegetation cover occurred between 1994 and 2002, the vegetation cover in 2021 showed an improvement. Overall, the study revealed an irregular pattern of vegetation change. The projected vegetation changes showed that Very-LowDense Vegetation will increase by 4.72%, Low-Dense Vegetation will increase by 1.45%, and High-Dense Vegetation will increase by 0.76%, while Moderate-Dense Vegetation will decline by -0.53%. This trend indicated that natural vegetation growth is limited and therefore recommended continued afforestation efforts which play a pivotal role in fostering vegetal growth in the study area. Keywords: Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/30144 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z