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Characterization of Pharmaceutical Effluent and its Physico- Chemical Variables in Minna, Niger State

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Characterization of Pharmaceutical Effluent and its Physico- Chemical Variables in Minna, Niger State Authors: Adama, S. B.; Auta, Y. I.; Adamu, M. Z.; Chukwuemeka, V. I.; Mohammed, Y. M.; Paiko, Y. B. Abstract: There is persistent deterioration in environmental water quality and a loss of biodiversity habitats in the surrounding community due to the Industrial effluents, wastes and emissions containing toxic and hazardous substances most of which can be detrimental to human health and Biodiversity.The physico-chemical and heavy metals evaluation of effluent from a pharmaceutical industry Located in Minna Niger State were determined to find out the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical parameters assessed includes pH, Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity Using (Hanna microprocessor pH/EC/TDS meter), Dissolve Oxygen(DO) using Dissolve Oxygen Analyser, model JPB-607, Air temperature, Total hardness(TH), Total Alkalinity(TA), Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Nitrate, Phosphate, carbon (IV) oxide, chloride 'Using Titration Method and water temperature Using a Mercury in glass Thermometer. Heavy metals Studied include: copper, Iron, Lead and Manganese. Physico-chemical Parameters were determined using standard methods, while heavy metal levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) (Spectra AA Varian 400 plus). All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The results indicates that pH Ranged (3.09-3.57) was acidic among g the Stations, Total Alkalinity (38.29-124.57mg/l), Total Hardness (70.14-481.14mg/l), Biological Oxygen Demand (2.9-411.00mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (8.21-22.15mg/t), Phosphate (2.8-9.19mg/). All the results were above the acceptable standard set by World Health Organisation (WHO,2011),While, Nitrate (5.23-29.75mg/l) and Chloride (28.22-107.69mg/) fell below the acceptable limit set by Nigerian Industrial Standard (N.I.S,2015) and (WHO,2011).Also, the concentration of heavy metals obtain from sediment sample are Lead (0.14-0.86mg/l), Iron (139-214mg/l), copper (0.53-1.28mg/) and Manganese(0.21-6.07mg/l) and in wastewater are Lead (0.14-0.86mg/), Iron (0.51-3.53mg/l), copper (0.25-1.38mg/l) and Manganese (0.29- 1.90mg/l) respectively, the level of heavy metals analysed are all above the WHO permissible limit, except copper in both cases which was below the standard. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water and sediment to reduce their potential environmental hazards on the community and damage to the entire ecosystem.

ICHTHYOFAUNA DIVERSITY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN ANTHROPOGENICALLY STRESSED WATER BODY DOWNSTREAM OF JEBBA DAM, NIGERIA

Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: ICHTHYOFAUNA DIVERSITY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN ANTHROPOGENICALLY STRESSED WATER BODY DOWNSTREAM OF JEBBA DAM, NIGERIA Authors: Adama, B. S.; Zakari, K.; Lemu, M. M.; Auta, Y. I.; Saba, S. J.; Samuel, P. O.; Mohammed, Y. M. Abstract: Fishery resources are on the decline due to incessant and unregulated tishery activties practtced in most parts of the globe. This study investigated the fish composton of an anthropogenically stressed vwater body in Nigeria (Downstream Jebba Dam). Samples were collected using standard methods and procedures. A total of 6,850 fish belonging to 17 famulies and 25 pecies were collected from the sampled stations. Fish composition shows the Mocho.dae famly wth the most dominant specics at 29.33%o and represented Synodontis batensoda, which was well distrbuted in all the study stations but highest in the station with 934 indıviduals, while the Gymnarchsdae family was the least recorded with 0.16% and represented Gymnanhus ntlotrus Length-Weght relationship (LVR) value ranged between 0.0018 8 and 0.215 (b <3) fior the domnant fish species, inicating negative allometric growth as the fish spccies grows in length taster when compared to the weight. In terms of mean condition factor (K of the dominant fish species of Downstream Jebba Dam, Gyuothrissa mento had the highest with 10.09, followved by Orocbramts nilotcns 9.82, Mugil cephalus (9.02), Labeo conbie (3.72), Bagyus bayad (0.90), Aestes marolepidotus (0.52). Caroe laticeps (0.31), Monyrus rune (0.26), Clarias gariepinus (0.19) and Citharinns atharus 0.16). The high condition factor (>1) observed in some fish indicates that these tish species were phystologicaly stable and successful well, while those with less than (<1) mean value implied that it was physiologically unstable, as showed in some species. Overall, the mediur abundance of fish species in this study is an indication of an impaired water system

PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES FROM MOBIL FISH MARKET IN MINNA, NIGER STATE

Sun, 01 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES FROM MOBIL FISH MARKET IN MINNA, NIGER STATE Authors: Ayanwale, A. V.; Akinleye, B. I.; Adama, B. S. Abstract: Samples of three species of fresh water fishes (about 500g) namcly Tilapia zilli, Claras anguillaris and Lates niloticus were sourced from Mobil fish markct in Minna Niger State, to determine their proximate and mineral composition using standard procedures on dry weighr hasis. The restults indicated no significant diference (P 0.05) in percetages of proximate comppsition among the fishes sampled. Moisture content in fish samples was ranged from 75.55 to 77.20 ±0.76%, while lipid contents were between 2.22 - 4.14± 0.48% Ash contents were howeer in the range of 1.26 to 2.27±0.35% while crude protein contents were in the range of 14.13 to 16.14±0.679%. Potassium showed no significant difference (P<0.05) among the fishes sampled, but there was significant difference (P<0.05) in Sodium (0.15 -0.3220.45%). Calcium (0.57 - 0.74±0.18%), Magnesium (0.67 -0.89±0.12%). among three fish species. The values obiained were within the recommended range of World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the freshwater fish species inestigated have high nutritive value: as such their utilization will, ussist in solving healıh and nutritional problems.

Growth performance and proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of ripe banana (Musa Sapientum) peel

Thu, 22 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Growth performance and proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of ripe banana (Musa Sapientum) peel Authors: Samuel, Patrick Ozovehe; Ogere, Isreal Onimisi Abstract: The cost of fish feed is of great concern in fish farming. The growth performance and proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of ripe banana peels as a possibility of replacing soybean as a component of the fish feed were evaluated for a period of 12 weeks. 250 C. gariepinus fingerlings were acclimated for 2 weeks and fed to satiation morning and evening. Five isocaloric and nitrogenous diets were prepared from ripe banana peel thus: 0% (Control), 25% (T25), 50% (T50), 75% (T75) and 100% (T100) inclusion levels to replace equal weights of soybean, respectively. Some growth parameters such as standard length (SL), total length (TL) and weight were determined on weekly basis. The proximate compositions of the fish in each treatment and control were determined at the end of the experiment. The data generated were subjected to one way analysis of variance and considered significant at P≤0.05. From the results; the weight, SL and TL mean values measured in the control were significantly higher than other treatments in most of the weeks of the experiment. The highest weight in the control was 52.43±10.80g while the highest amongst other treatments was 30.67±6.69g obtained in T75 at the end of the 12 weeks. The ash content, crude fibre and fat contents were mostly significantly in T75 and T100. The highest moisture content (12.88±0.74%) was also obtained in T100. The crude protein content was significantly higher in the control than other treatments with 68.69±0.35% at the end of the 12th week. The results of this research has shown that banana peel can be included up to 75% level of inclusion as possible replacement for soybean in fish meal production and therefore, capable of reducing the cost of fish production incurred by farmer. For optimal performance, the crude protein content should be improved upon by inclusion of other cheap protein sources.