DSpace Collection: Animal Biology

An overview on Schistosomiasis infection among Nigeria school age children and progress of vaccine development

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: An overview on Schistosomiasis infection among Nigeria school age children and progress of vaccine development Authors: Ibeh, Emmanuela O; Omalu, Innocent CJ; Ibeh, Benet O; Adeniyi, Kamaru; Oko, Pius O

DIARRHOEA, CD4 CELL COUNTS AND ENTERIC INFECTIONS AMONG HIV PATIENTS ATTENDING A HOSPITAL IN JOS, NIGERIA

Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Title: DIARRHOEA, CD4 CELL COUNTS AND ENTERIC INFECTIONS AMONG HIV PATIENTS ATTENDING A HOSPITAL IN JOS, NIGERIA Authors: Pam, Victoria A; Onwuliri, Christian OE; Daniel, Lois N; Gbise, Daniel S; Onovo, Emmanuel; Arshi, Ryan Abstract: Enteric pathogens’ associations between diarrhoea and CD4 cell counts were studied. Stool specimens were obtained from HIV-infected patients with diarrhoea. Out of the 600 stool samples analysed 339(56.50%) were positive for parasites. Protozoa accounted for 227(37.83%) while helminthes were 112(18.67%) of infection identified. The opportunistic parasite Cryptosporidium was the most frequently identified Protozoon parasite 128(24.67%) followed by Giardia lamblia 38(6.33%). As at enrollment, CD4 counts among patients were significantly (p<0.005) lower in those with diarrhoea than in those without diarrhoea. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between diarrhoea and low CD4 counts. Over two-thirds of diarrhoeal episodes were undiagnosed, suggesting that unidentified agents or primary HIV enteropathy are important causes of diarrhoea in this population. There is a strong negative association between duration of diarrhoea and CD4 levels.

Environmental manipulation: a potential tool for mosquito vector control

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Environmental manipulation: a potential tool for mosquito vector control Authors: Ukubuiwe, Azubuike Christian; Olayemi, Israel Kayode; Ukubuiwe, Chinenye Catherine; Ugbede, Bright Sule Abstract: Mosquito borne diseases have continued to ravage man and his animals despite efforts to curb its spread. The use of chemicals has been the main thrust for control of all life stages of mosquitoes. Increased resistance to commonly used insecticides has called for renewed effort for vector control. Environmental management for vector control is one of the new strategies developed to tackle the menace of vectors. Manipulation of abiotic factors has widely gained acceptance due to laboratory and semi-field trials and findings. In this chapter, we reviewed literatures on some critical abiotic factors and their effects on bionomics and biological fitness of immature and adult life stages of mosquito species. We also looked at prospects for developing protocols based on these findings.

Evaluation of Critical Larval Habitat Physico-chemical Factors on Embryonic Development and Adult Fitness of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of Critical Larval Habitat Physico-chemical Factors on Embryonic Development and Adult Fitness of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Authors: Aminuwa, Hyelemad; Olayemi, Israel Kayode; Ukubuiwe, Azubuike Christian; Adeniyi, Kamoru Abdulazeez; Odeyemi, Moses Olusesesan Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of selected physico-chemical factors (water temperature, pH and hardness) on duration of embryogeny, egg hatchability, and adult fitness (Wing Length and Fluctuating Asymmetry) of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Freshly laid egg rafts of this mosquito species were exposed to different levels of these factors. Four temperature regimens (i.e., 28, 30, 32 and 34oC), seven pH levels (i.e., 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0) and seven water hardness levels (10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/L of CaCO3) were independently tested on the egg rafts. The temperatures were regulated using thermostat, while pH and water hardness levels were maintained following standard procedures. The results revealed significant effects (p<0.05) of these physico-chemical factors on the entomological parameters measured. The duration of embryogeny varied significantly with values ranging from 19±1 to 24±4, 20±1 to 26±3 and 18±3 to 37.00±9.00 hours, respectively, for temperature, pH and Hardness. Egg hatchability rates fluctuated among the different treatments of a factor: temperature (77.13±48.46 to 204.75±20.27 larvae/egg raft), pH (113.25±13.92 to 218.75±22.34 larvae/egg raft) and water Hardness (98±12.13 to 214±10.22 larvae/egg raft). Wing length and fluctuating asymmetry also showed significant variation among the factors tested and between treatments of each factor. This study revealed profound effects of the physiochemical factors tested on the development and fitness of Cx. quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions and could be employed in mosquito vectors control strategy.