DSpace Collection: Crop Production

Evaluation of herbicide management on nodulation of cowpea

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of herbicide management on nodulation of cowpea Authors: Ezekiel-Adewoyin, D.; Olanrewaju, E.; Aniyikaiye, R.; Tanko, F.; Daniya, E. Abstract: The use of herbicides will surely have diverse effects on cowpea performance. A screen house trial was conducted in the School of Agric. and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Four treatments (pre-emergence (PE)+manual weeding (MW), pre+post emergence (PPE), manual weeding (MW), and weedy check (WC)) replicated thrice were laid in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Two cowpea varieties nodulation, shoot, and root biomass were assessed. Manual weeding recorded the highest shoot dry biomass followed by PE+MW, while WC and PPE had the least shoot biomass in Sampea 14. Also, the highest root dry biomass was recorded for MW, followed by PE+MW, while, PPE and WC applications recorded the least root biomass. Similarly, Sampea 14 had the highest number of nodules under MW, followed by WC, PE+MW recorded the least number of nodules, while, PPE treatment had no nodules. Likewise, MW had the highest nodule effectiveness recorded followed by PE and WC. Sampea 14 treated with MW had the highest nodule weight followed by WC and PE+MW. In conclusion, the overall result of the experiment showed that the application of herbicides has a hazardous effect on cowpea nodulation, and shoot and root growth. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct further studies on the impact of different herbicides on cowpea growth.

Germination and seedling growth of okra: A comparative study with competitive weeds under salinity stress

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Germination and seedling growth of okra: A comparative study with competitive weeds under salinity stress Authors: Mustapha, R.; Oluwole, B. I.; Daniya, E. Abstract: This study explores the effects of salinity stress on the germination and seedling growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and its competitive weeds. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions with a factorial combination of four salinity levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM NaCl) and three plant species (okra, Portulaca oleracea, and Cynodon dactylon) arranged in a completely randomized design, having four replications each. Data were collected on germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination rate index (GRI), mean germination time (MGT), and seedling vigor index (SVI). The results demonstrated that increasing salinity levels significantly negatively affected the plant species germination and seedling growth, as the higher the concentration the stronger the effect. Increasing salinity levels from 5 to15 mM concentration caused a reduction in GP from 25 % - 98.1%, GE from 33.3 % - 93.6 %, GRI from 39.2 % - 98.6 %, and SVI from 41.1 % - 99.9 % compared to the control. In contrast, P. oleraceae showed higher resilience to salinity stress, maintaining superior GP, GRI and SVI compared to okra and C. dactylon. The C. dactylon exhibited moderate tolerance to salinity between okra and P. oleraceae. The findings have shown the competitive disadvantage of growing okra in saline environments and suggest that P. oleraceae could exacerbate weed competition under such conditions. This study highlights the need for targeted weed management strategies and the development of salt-tolerant okra varieties to improve its production in salt-affected regions.

Phytosociological survey and allelopathic effects of some weed species extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Phytosociological survey and allelopathic effects of some weed species extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Authors: Oluwole, B. I.; Daniya, E.; Ibrahim, H.; Salaudeen, M. T. Abstract: Allelopathy is an important agricultural practice that has gained attention in sustainable agriculture management. A weed survey was carried out in irrigation fields of Katcha and Gbako Local Government Areas of Niger State, and a laboratory experiment was conducted in the Department of Crop Production Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria to assess the allelopathic effect of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata.), Giant thatching grass (Hyparrhenia rufa.), Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum.), Pigweed (Portulaca oleracea.), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon.) on germination and seedling growth of maize and pepper. The result of the weed survey revealed that twenty-nine weeds were found existing in the fields surveyed and nine were identified as the most dominant and important weed species, namely Cyperus rotundus, Setaria pumila, Digitaria horizontalis, Brachiaria deflexa, Senna obtusifolia, Ageratum conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon, Phyllanthus niruri and Eragrotis sp. Among the weed species, the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleraceae showed more phytotoxic effect which reduced germination percentage in maize by 64 %, plumule length by 83.1% and radicle length by 93.1% respectively, over the control. Similarly, P. oleraceae aqueous extract reduced the same parameters by 100% over the control in pepper. It is clear from this study that aqueous extract of P. oleraceae exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of maize and pepper than the other weed species, and should be considered important in these crops

Productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.) landraces as affected by organic fertilizer in the Southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.) landraces as affected by organic fertilizer in the Southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Authors: Daniya, E. Abstract: Pot and field experiments were designed to study the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of hot pepper landraces. The treatment consisted of factorial combination of organic fertilizer levels (0, 1.5 and 3.0 t ha-1) and hot pepper landraces (Dan Zaria, Dan Sokoto and Mgbakpa) arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in four replications in the screen house, and randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated three times in the field. Application of organic fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) affected plant height, number of leaves, fruit length and diameter, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield. The application of organic fertilizer at 1.5 t ha-1 to hot pepper significantly (P<0.05) increased the plant height and number of leaves, fruits per plant, longer and bigger fruits, and higher fruit yield in the screen house and field conditions. The landrace Mgbakpa produced significantly (P<0.05) taller plants, more leaves and fruits compared to the other landraces, in both conditions, except for plant height and number of leaves at 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) in the screen house and plant height at 12 WAT in the field. Planting of Dan Sokoto and Dan Zaria landraces produced significantly (P<0.05) longer and bigger fruits and maximum fruit yields. Based on the result of this study, farmers can obtain a better fruit yield of hot pepper by using Dan Sokoto and Dan Zaria with the application of 1.5 t ha-1 organic fertilizer.