http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/108 Sun, 27 Sep 2026 15:37:28 GMT 2026-09-27T15:37:28Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31870 Title: Fuel Properties of Nigerian Castor seed Oil Biodiesel Authors: Mohammed, Ibrahim ARIS; Musa, Umaru; Onifade, K.R; Aberuagba, F Abstract: This paper presents an explicit account of the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from Nigeria castor seed oil. The oil was first characterized for its physico-chemical properties. This was subsequently followed by transesterification of the castor seed oil with methanol in a laboratory reactor using 1% w/v potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst at a temperature of 45 °C, mole ratio of methanol to oil of 6:1 and reaction time of 60 minutes. Standard fuel characterization (ASTM fuel tests) was carried out on the resulting biodiesel. Experimental results shown that optimum of 96% methyl ester yield were obtained at 45 °C with a corresponding purity of 98.06% against the European Union lower limit of 96.5%. The important properties of the biodiesel such as specific gravity, flash point, total sulphur, pour point, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, cloud point and water and sediment values were 0.88, 150 °C, 0.006%, 1 °C, 2.5 mm²/s, 48.32 ± 2, 6 °C and 0.04% vol respectively. These values compared favorably with the ASTM and EN standards for biodiesel. The result validates that Nigeria castor seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to petroleum diesel. Description: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31870 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31869 Title: ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ACID AND ALKALINE CATALYST PROCESSES FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL FAT Authors: Suleiman, B; Abdulkareem, A.S; Musa, Umaru; Mohammed, I.A; Suleiman, Y.B; Oluwadamilare, S.S Abstract: Several processes have been proposed for biodiesel production, but the ultimate aim of any process is to be economically feasible. The quest to identify the most economically feasible process configuration for biodiesel production from animal fats suggest the use of simulation approach to obtain the necessary data at optimal operating parameters and specified feed and product specifications for economic assessment. Two processes configurations for biodiesel production from virgin and waste animal fat using acid and alkaline catalysts were identified and selected respectively. Acid and alkaline process configurations using both virgin and waste animal fat as feed were simulated to produce biodiesel with minimum purity of 99.9 % using Aspen Hysys version 7.2 at oil feed flow rates of 1.16 kmol/h and 1.19 kmol/h respectively. The raw materials requirement, product flow (desired and undesired), utility consumption and equipment sizes were evaluated from the simulation process. The result of economic analysis of alkaline transesterification of waste fat oil shows that the process has the highest total capital investment of $935 353.67 but yet is the most favoured with highest profit before tax resulting from its higher gross income and low cost of raw materials. Similar observation was made in the acid catalyzed process where the use of waste animal fat had the highest total capital investment of $1 995 507 and the most preferred option with highest net profit of $384 410. Among all the various processes investigated an alkaline process using waste animal fat is the most economical option for biodiesel production capable of handling industrial scale production. Description: Conference Proceedings Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31869 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/29461 Title: Gasification of Maize Cobs and its Characterization for Energy Generation Authors: Philip, A. J.; Jerome, P. I.; Rifore, B. S.; Fasanya, O.; Isa, R. O.; Olutoye, M. A. Abstract: gasification of maize cobs and its characterization for its energy potential was carried out. The proximate analysis of the maize cob gave 17.5% moisture content, 1.5% ash content, 73.0% volatile matter, and 8.0% fixed carbon content. A high calculated calorific value of 14.71 MJ/kg was gotten. The exit gas from pyrolysis at 5500C consists of CO, CO2, H2, H2O, CH4, N2, and C2H6 with percentage composition 7.3%, 11.49%, 0.52%, 4.7%, 4.18%, 3.66%, and, 7.83% respectively. At 700 ⁰C, the compositions were found to be 8.4%, 13.2%, 0.6%, 5.4%, 4.8%, 4.2%, and 9.0% respectively while 9.49%, 14.91%, 0.68%, 6.1%, 5.42%, 4.74% and 10.17% respectively was obtained for pyrolysis 850⁰C. The gasification process revealed that as the temperature was increased more of the biomass was converted to gas leading to less char generation. The result also showed increase in hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide as well as less desirable carbon dioxide with increase in pyrolysis temperature. The elemental analysis for percentage of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur emitted during gasification at 700 ⁰C for 15 minutes revealed C-78.43%, H-0.64%, O-19.98%, N-0.66%, and S-0.29%. The low amount of sulfur and nitrogen emitted concludes that maize cob can be tapped as a source for energy application. Optimization can be carried out to determine the optimal temperature for high calorific value gas yield Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/29461 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/29460 Title: Characterization and Comparison of Solvent Extracted and Traditional Mechanically Extracted Shea Butter Authors: Isa, R. O; Enaholo, A. H.; Muhammad, A. A.; Uloh, B. Abstract: Shea butter represents a very viable product for earning foreign exchange yet the potential of this abundant resource has not been adequately harnessed. This research compares the traditional mechanical extraction and solvent extraction methods of Shea butter using four different solvents namely ethanol, ethyl lactate, petroleum ether, and hexane. Fresh Shea nut was purchased from Kure market in Niger state and Shea butter was extracted from the nut using both traditional mechanical extraction and solvent extraction. Characterization of the extracted oil was done and the result showed the following chemical properties for solvent extraction method for the four solvents and traditional mechanical extraction respectively: acid value (6.72, 4.2, 8.96, 4.48, trace) mg KOH/g, free fatty acid (3.36, 2.1, 4.48, 2.24, trace) mg KOH/g, iodine number (6.36, 3.11, 5.43, 4.92, 5.36), peroxide value (9.30, 13.82, 10.99, 12.3, 14.13) meq O2/kg, saponification value (401.39,351.32, 348.18, 416.32, 419.13) mg KOH/g. Other physio-chemical properties quantified were moisture content (0.1062, 0.1215, 0.1086, 0.1064, 0.1380) %, density (0.880, 0.867, 0.879, 0.881,0.850), specific gravity (0.879, 0.894, 0.891, 0.894, 0.862), viscosity (88, 70, 69, 78, 80), melting point (32, 33, 34, 33, 34) OC, cloud point (34, 34 38, 34, 35)C, pour point (32, 31, 32, 31, 32) OC, flash point (249, 256, 250, 253, 255) OC, smoke point (219, 224, 217, 223, 223) OC for both solvent extraction and traditional mechanical method. The result obtained indicated that the most suitable method in terms of yield and moisture content was the solvent extraction method whereas the traditional mechanical extraction method had the advantage of low acid value and free fatty acid. It also showed that there was no significant difference in property using the four different solvents for extraction. Also both methods of extraction yielded shea butter with equally good physical and chemical properties that can compete favorably in the international market. Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/29460 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z