http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/36 SLS 2026-07-31T06:09:49Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31913 Title: Effect of Methanol Extract of Terminalia catappa on Lead Acetate- Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Pg 1714-1724 Authors: Busari, M. B.; Yusuf, R. S.; Hamzah, R. U.; Abubakar, A. N.; Kolawole, M. L.; Badmos, M. D. Abstract: Lead toxicity has been categorized among the top ten major public health concern by the World Health Organization. Lead is a multi-organ toxicant that has been implicated in various organs damage including liver and kidney. In search of cheap and readily available drug for lead-induced liver and kidney damage, methanol extract of Taminalia catappa leaf (METCL) was assessed in lead acetate induced hepato-renal damage in Wistar rats. The phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract were also determined using standard methods. Fifteen Wistar male rats comprised of five groups of three rats per group were used for the study while five rats were used for the acute toxicity study. Exact 0.5 ml/kg body weight (bw.), 1000 mg/Kg bw. of lead acetate solution and 100 mg/kg bw. of Silymarin, 1000 mg/Kg bw. of lead acetate solution and 0.5 ml/kgbw., 100 and 200 mg/kg bw. of METCL were administering orally to naïve, positive, negative control groups and extract treated groups respectively daily for 10 days. The extract shows appreciable 2, 2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activities (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation at high concentration of 500 µg/mL. Phytochemical analysis of the extract reveal the presence of flavonoids (30.29 mg/g), total phenols (65.97 mg/g) with trace quantities of alkaloids (65.79 µg/g) and saponins (101.45 µg/g). Significant increase (P < 0.05) in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatases (ALP), urea, sodium, chlorine, potassium and creatinine were observed in negative control rats when compared with the treated groups. The liver and kidney histology of the treated animals also show severed less damage when compared to that of negative control groups 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31912 Title: Toxicological Studies of Methanol and n-Hexane Extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne Leaves Used as Antihypertensive Agent Authors: Muhammad, H. L.; Garba, R.; Abdullah, A.S.; Makun, H. A.; Busari, M. B.; Muhammad, H. K.; Adefolalu, F.S. Abstract: Leptadenia hastataleaf extracts are used in the folkloric treatment of hypertension and its attendant complications. Sub-chronic toxicological study of the methanol and n-hexane leaf extracts ofL. hastatawas carried out orally on Swiss albino rats for 28 days. Doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg kg-1bodyweights of both extracts were administered through the oral route once daily to the rats in respectively labeled test groups while the control group with normal saline (0.5 ml). L. hastatamethanol extract showed a moderate presence of alkaloids (0.92±0.14) and cardiac glycosides. The LD50of both extracts is >5000 mg kg-1bodyweight. ALT, AST, ALP, and total protein were all significantly high in 600 mg kg-1bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group by a 2% reduction in bodyweight on the 12th day. Lipids in both extract-treated groups were reduced with a concomitant increase in HDL of the methanol extract-treated groups and a decrease in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. PCV and RBC significantly increased (p<0.05)and decreased (p>0.05) in the methanol and n-hexane extract-treated groups respectively, while the WBC significantly increased in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. Only 600 mg kg-1bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group showed a decrease in liver and kidney weights with an increase in the weight of the heart. Electrolytes were significantly reduced in 600 mg kg-1bodyweight of the extract (n-hexane)-treated group while urea, creatinine, direct, and total bilirubin increased in the extract (n-hexane)-treated groups. L. hastata extracts at 600 mg kg-1bodyweight may be toxic 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31910 Title: Effects of Pterocarpus mildbraedii Leaf Extract and its Fractions on Cdmium and Lead Chloride-induced Testicular Damage in Male Albino Rats. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(2), 31-44 Authors: Hamzah, R. U.; Muhammad, H.L.; Sayyadi, A.; Busari, M. B.; Garba, R.; Umar, M. B.; Abubakar, A.N. Abstract: Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are toxic, non-essential transition metals that pose many health risks for both humans and animals. They are environmental toxicants which contribute to testicular damage resulting to infertility problem among male populace worldwide. Chelating agents used for lead and cadmium toxicity are not readily available, toxic, expensive and unable to mop up most of the toxic metals accumulated in various organs. In this study, the effect of crude extract (CE), ethyl acetate fraction (EF) and acetone fraction (AF) of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extract was assessed on cadmium-lead chloride induced testicular damaged in male albino Wistar rats. CE of the leaf was obtained by extracting in absolute methanol which was further subjected to solvent partitioning via vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) techniques using ethyl acetate, acetone and 70% methanol. A preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidants guided activities on the CE and fractions were determined using standard methods. EF, AF and CE which exhibited significant in vitro activity were subjected to an in vivo study using Wistar rats. In vivo antioxidant markers, male reproductive hormones, testicular enzymes and DNA damage markers were analyzed on the rats’ testes supernatant. AF had the highest quantities of phenols (319.00 mg/g), flavonoids (8.87 mg/g) and tannins (8.87 mg/g) while methanol and EFs were richer in saponins (135.32 µg/g) and alkaloids (38.34 µg/g) respectively. A dose dependent 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation were observed in all the extract with high antioxidants power in CE and AF. Administration of leadcadmium chloride solution significantly (p > 0.05) decreases the testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 6.82 unit/mg protein, Catalase (CAT) activity to 8.07 of H2O2 consumed/unit/mg protein and Glutathione (GSH) concentration to 31.30 ug/mg protein. There was a concomitant increase in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) to a value of 23.70 mmol/mg protein. In addition, lead-cadmium chloride solution significantly (p > 0.05) increases the testicular marker enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase (119.57 u/L), lactate dehydrogenase (357.05 u/L), Acid phosphatase (98.65 u/L)) and DNA damage markers (conjugated dienes (93.39 nmol/mg protein), carbonyl protein (35.39 nmol/mg protein), DNA fragmentation percentage (32.12%)) with lowered testicular hormones (Testosterone (3.1 ng/mL), Follicle stimulating (0.35 IU/mL) and Luteinizing hormones (0.15 IU/mL)) of the animals in negative control group when compared with other treated groups. Treatment with Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extract reverts the observed changes with the best activities found in the CE and AFs in a dose dependent manner. Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extract ameliorated the lead/cadmium induced testicular damage in male albino rats. The restoration of the aforementioned parameters by some of the extract dosages were comparable to the standard drug with higher activities in the crude and AF. Therefore, Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extract can be explored further for the management of lead/cadmium induced toxicity. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/31906 Title: Role of Banbara Nuts as Nutraceutical and its Potential in Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Ability of Bioactive Compounds Authors: Shaba, J. P; Amusan, T. O; Egwim, E. C; Abubakar, A.; Ossamulu, I. F Abstract: Bambara nut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a vegetable crop that is easy to cultivate which has been underutilized over time. It is referred to as nutraceuticals due to its nutritional and medicinal values. The crop is tolerant to drought. Accordingly, it is important to explore the nutraceutical imp0rtance of this underutilized and neglected crop to safe guard and encourage its production for food as medicinal and nutritional source, particularly among the poor and rural societies in Africa and also to discuss its application and potentials in the synthesis of nanoparticles. This review specifically looked into the usefulness of banbara nut. The effect against microbes were also taken into consideration and studied to evaluate its nutraceutical advantages. Antimicrobial activities of banbara nut extracts have been observed in clinical settings against a variety of bacteria, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger which was found to also possesses antioxidant properties. Banbara nut possess high bioactive compounds which include phenols and flavonoids that possess special chemical ability that can both effectively serve as capping and reducing agents on nanoparticles. Green synthesized zinc and silver oxide nanoparticles utilizing the post-harvest leaves of bambara nut and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potentials have been reviewed. Likewise, the effect of nano-structured shell of bambara nut as filler have also been discussed. The potential applications of banbara nut as nutraceuticals and in green synthesis of nanoparticles are reviewed in this paper. 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z