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MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEAN (L.) VERDC.) IN NIGERIA

2023-12-12T00:00:00Z

Title: MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEAN (L.) VERDC.) IN NIGERIA Authors: Oyewale, R. O.; Ogbirishi, T. O.; Ibrahim, H. M.; Akinyele, M.O.; Olaniyi, R. O.; Ibrahim, R.O. Abstract: Tribolium castaneum, commonly known as the red flour beetle is a major stored 5grain 5pest and 5found 5in 5granaries 5of 5wheat, 5cereals, 5beans, 5pasta, 5crackers, 5mixed 5cake, 5dried 5flowers and 5pet 5food, 5seeds, 5chocolate, 5meal, 5spices, 5nuts 5and 5even 5in 5museum 5dried 5artistic specimens. 5The 5insect 5is 53.5 5mm 5long 5reddish 5brown 5beetle. 5The 5beetle 5can 5survive 5up 5to three 5years 5of 5age 5as 5an 5adult 5and 5is 5regarded 5as 5a 5sedentary 5insect. 5The 5insect 5has 5the ability 5to 5disperse 5via 5flight 5up 5to 5considerable 5long distances. 5The 5particular 5beetle 5has 5a close 5resemblance 5to 5confused 5flour 5beetle 5except 5it 5has 5three 5defining 5clubs 5at 5the 5end 5of each 5antenna. 5Its 5antennae 5are 5club 5type 5with 5the 5inclusion 5of 5three 5segments. 5 The 5beetle has 5a 5curvy 5thorax. The 5use 5of 5plant 5materials 5as 5traditional 5protectants 5of 5stored 5products is an old 5practice 5used 5all 5over 5the world. 5The 5protection 5of 5stored 5products 5generally 5involves mixing 5grains 5with 5plant 5based 5protectants. Provision 5of 5a 5sound 5background 5for 5T. castaneum5species 5identification 5as 5well 5as 5for 5the 5establishment 5of 5higher 5taxonomic classification 5and 5for 5consideration 5on 5the 5beetles 5evolutionary 5development, 5will 5have 5a 5long way 5in 5reducing 5if 5not 5total 5prevention 5of 5resistant 5menace 5of 5various 5species 5to 5adoption of 5management 5strategies 5of 5T. 5castaneum. KEYWORDS Description: Description and classification of Insect Pests of Bambara groundnut

Growth performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing four different oil types at starter phase

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Growth performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing four different oil types at starter phase Authors: Otu, Bisong Okpata; Kudu, Yahaya; Kolo, Philip; Banjo, Adenike; Henry, B. C; Okon, J Abstract: The growth performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing four different oil types at starter phase was investigated. One hundred and eighty (180) day old ROSS 308 chicks of mixed sexes were allotted into five (5) treatments, replicated three times, with twelve (12) birds per replicate, in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Five diets were formulated as T1 (0% oil), T2 (4 % Palm oil), T3 (4% Palm kernel oil), T4 (4% Groundnut oil) and T5 (4% Shear butter oil) and fed to the broiler chicks throughout the experimental duration of four (4) weeks. The resultsshowed that final body weight, body weight gains and weekly feed intake were significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. Initial body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein and energy efficiency ratios were not significantly different (P>0.05) between treatments. The highest final body weight (237.43 g), body weight gain (189. 70 g) and weekly feed intake (155.45 g)wererecorded in T5. The range of values of 46.47 g (T1) – 47.73 g (T5), 3.19 (T1) - 3.47 (T3), 1.39 (T3) – 1.49 (T2) and 0.09 (T3 and T4) – 0.10 (T1, T2 and T5) were recorded for initial body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein and energy efficiency ratios, respectively. The study concluded that the four types of oil do not have equal effect on the various growth parameters of the broilers in spite of the fact that the oil types were added at the same levels in the diet. However, it is right to suggest that shear butter oil inclusion will produce better growth performance without any deleterious effect.

Growth performance and gut microflora counts of Ross 308 broiler chickens fed probiotic based diet at the starter phase

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Growth performance and gut microflora counts of Ross 308 broiler chickens fed probiotic based diet at the starter phase Authors: Eniwaiye, Adenike Adetutu; Alabi, Olushola; Lawal, Babatunde; Owolabi, Shina James Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microflora of broiler chicken at the starter phase. A total of thirty (30) broiler chickens were randomly allotted to five treatments groups, with each group consisting of three replicates with each replicate containing two chickens. The treatments were as follows: T1 (control no probiotics), T2 (5.50g of oxytetracycline), T3 (6.25g of probiotics), T4 (12.50g of probiotics) and T5 (18.50g of probiotics). Data were collected on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microflora counts. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) difference on total and daily feed intakes while the final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) different among dietary treatments. For the nutrient digestibility, dietary treatment had significant effect (P < 0.05) on crude fibre, ash, and ether extract while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences on crude protein, nitrogen free Extract, dry matter, and total digestible nutrient. Findings on the gut microflora showed that there was no significance (P>0.05) difference in Lactobacillus sp. (LS), Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), Streptococcus acidophilus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Bacillus cereus (BC) across all treatments. It was concluded that the addition of probiotics to broiler diets could improve feed intake and nutrient digestibility. Hence poultry farmer should include it in their broiler chicken diets at the starter phase at 6.25g to enhance fast growth rate in broiler chicken.

Response of Broiler birds fed diets containing varying levels of dried watermelon rind (DWMR) at finisher phase.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Response of Broiler birds fed diets containing varying levels of dried watermelon rind (DWMR) at finisher phase. Authors: Otu, Bisong Okpata; Banjo, AdenikeAdetutu; Kolo, Philip Sodi; Ibrahim, Abdulsalam Dabban Abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to investigate growth performance and nutrient digestibility of experimental diets formulated with dried watermelon rind to replace wheat offal, fed to broiler chickens at finisher phase. One hundred and fifty day-old “ROSS 360” broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of thirty (30) birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times with ten birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arrangement. Five experimental diets containing dried watermelon rind at varying levels of replacement were formulated and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 with replacement levels of 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % respectively. Initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed itake, feed conversion ration and apeparent digestibility of crude proten, fibre, ash and nitrogen free extract were measured. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatment groups for all the growth parameters except for feed conversion ratio. Final weight ranged from 1223.33 to 1305.19 g; while daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio ranged from 89.46 to 97.95 g, 35.26 to 38.25 g and 2.35 to 2.78, respectively.. The nutrient digestibility indicates significant (p<0.05) difference in crude fibre, ash, ether extract and NFE, while that of crude protein, dry matter and total digestible nutrient were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Crude protein, dry matter and TDN ranges between 67.47 % to 69.15 %, 79.10 % to 80.72 and 74.35 to 78.68 respectively. The study concluded that 25 % replacement of wheat offal with dried watermelon rind can be effective for optimal growth performance and complete replacement for fibre and energy requirement in producing broiler chickens without compromising performance or any deleterious effects.