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Impact of Fungal Contamination on Nutrient Composition of Rice, Maize, and Sorghum in Nigeria: Correlation Analysis and Implications for Food Quality

2025-05-22T13:00:10Z

Title: Impact of Fungal Contamination on Nutrient Composition of Rice, Maize, and Sorghum in Nigeria: Correlation Analysis and Implications for Food Quality Authors: Muhammad, Hadiza K; Salubuyi, Susan, B; Ifeanyi, Ossamulu, F; Madaki, Fatima, M; Edzili, Antoine, T.A; Shingu, J.P; Adeyemi, Adekunle, A; Pelumi, John Abstract: This study assesses the effect of fungal contamination on the nutrient composition of staple cereals, rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) - widely consumed in Nigeria. A total 23 sample of maize (7), rice (6) and sorghum (9) were analyzed for fungal colony- forming unit (CFUs) via plate dilution method and nutrient composition (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein and carbohydrate levels) was measured using Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods. Statistical analysis including Spearman correlation was applied using SPSS software. Maize showed the highest fungal contamination with a mean CFU of 4.0 x 105 CFU/g, followed by sorghum at 3.7 x 104 CFU/g, while rice had the lowest at 2.7 x 104 CFU/g. Significant positive correlations were observed between fungal growth and moisture content in all grains, with correlation coefficient of 0.752 for rice, 0.806 for maize and 0.055 for sorghum. Conversely, carbohydrate content showed a significant negative correlation in all samples, notably in maize (-0.860) and rice (-0.638) with (-0.462) for sorghum. Fat and fiber showed a negative correlation in rice (-0.584) and maize (-0.488), while sorghum showed a positive correlation (0.413). Only rice showed a negative correlation for ash (-0.415) and protein (-0.136), while maize (0.354 and 0.220) and sorghum (0.258 and 0.384) showed a positive correlation. These findings underscore the nutrient losses due to fungal contamination, highlighting the necessity for enhanced post-harvest storage to mitigate contamination and preserve cereal nutrient quality. Description: Book of Abstract

Phytochemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Pumpkin Leaf and Fruit (Cucurbita maxima) From Bosso Niger State.

2025-05-22T12:03:53Z

Title: Phytochemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Pumpkin Leaf and Fruit (Cucurbita maxima) From Bosso Niger State. Authors: Madaki, Fatima, M; Abubakar, Adama; Hamza, Rabiat, U; Muhammad, Hadiza, K; Abdulkadir, Abdullahi; Abdullahi, Saad, T; Tanimu, Nasiru, A Abstract: Cucurbita maxima commonly known as pumpkin, is widely cultivated throughout the world for use as vegetable as well as medicine plant. Phytochemical analysis, nutritional and antioxidant properties of Cucurbita maxima leaf and fruit methanol extracts were determined in this study. The phytochemical and proximate analysis were performed according to standard method. The antioxidant activity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The qualitative phytochemical screening of Cucurbita maxima fruit and leaf revealed that Alkaloids (9.07±0.01), Tannins (4.32±0.01), and terpenoids (8.64±0.01) were found to have the highest concentration in the fruit while saponins (8.64±0.01), flavonoids (3.86±0.01) and steroids (3.86±0.01) were found to be higher in the leaf. The proximate composition of pumpkin leaf and fruit showed significant difference in moisture (10.65 ± 0.04) (8.07 ± 0.01), fibre (2.03 ± 0.03) (4.16 ± 0.03), ash contents (3.08 ± 0.08) (2.17 ± 0.05), fat (5.12 ± 0.20) (2.07 ± 0.20), (67.99± 0.03) (73.12± 0.01), and protein (10.580.06) (9.72± 0.07) of the pumpkin leaf and fruit respectively. Both extracts exhibited a dose dependent antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. The Cucurbita maxima extracts exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower antioxidant activities compared to the standard (ascorbic acid). The results of mineral analysis of pumpkin shows that potassium (48.79±0.01 mg/g) and iron (33.60±0.00 mg/g) contents were higher in the pumpkin methanol fruit extract, followed by sodium (17.88±0.04 mg/g) while potassium (41.57±0.04 mg/g) and zinc (22.30±0.15 mg/g) was the most prominent element followed by iron (8.14±0.00 mg/g) in the pumpkin methanol leaf extract. These results suggest that Cucurbita maxima could serve as a valuable source of nutrients and antioxidants, particularly in resource-constrained communities. Description: Book of Proceeding

Effect of Methanol Extract of Terminalia catappa on Lead Acetate-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2024-05-13T09:45:07Z

Title: Effect of Methanol Extract of Terminalia catappa on Lead Acetate-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Authors: Abubakar, Asmau Niwoye; Busari, Musa Bola; Hamzah, Rabiat Unekwu Abstract: Lead toxicity has been categorized among the top ten major public health concern by the World Health Organization. Lead is a multi-organ toxicant that has been implicated in various organs damage including liver and kidney. In search of cheap and readily available drug for lead-induced liver and kidney damage, methanol extract of Taminalia catappa leaf (METCL) was assessed in lead acetate induced hepato-renal damage in Wistar rats. The phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract were also determined using standard methods. Fifteen Wistar male rats comprised of five groups of three rats per group were used for the study while five rats were used for the acute toxicity study. Exact 0.5 ml/kg body weight (bw.), 1000 mg/Kg bw. of lead acetate solution and 100 mg/kg bw. of Silymarin, 1000 mg/Kg bw. of lead acetate solution and 0.5 ml/kgbw., 100 and 200 mg/kg bw. of METCL were administering orally to naïve, positive, negative control groups and extract treated groups respectively daily for 10 days. The extract shows appreciable 2, 2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activities (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation at high concentration of 500 µg/mL. Phytochemical analysis of the extract reveal the presence of flavonoids (30.29 mg/g), total phenols (65.97 mg/g) with trace quantities of alkaloids (65.79 µg/g) and saponins (101.45 µg/g). Significant increase (P < 0.05) in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatases (ALP), urea, sodium, chlorine, potassium and creatinine were observed in negative control rats when compared with the treated groups. The liver and kidney histology of the treated animals also show severed less damage when compared to that of negative control groups

In vivo Hypoglycemic Activity of n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Acetone and Aqueous Fractions of Hunteria umbellata leaf in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2024-05-13T06:42:14Z

Title: In vivo Hypoglycemic Activity of n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Acetone and Aqueous Fractions of Hunteria umbellata leaf in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats Authors: Abubakar, Asmau; Saidu, Abubakar Ndaman; Akanya, Helmina Oluwafunmilayo; Egwim, Evans Chidi Abstract: Globally, diabetes is a major health problem causing serious issues among the public. In spite the various drugs available, the challenge of controlling diabetes still remains. This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic potentials of various fractions of Hunteria umbellata leaf in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Partitioning of the crude methanol extract was performed using solvent-solvent extraction method. Diabetes was induced in experimental rats by a single dose of intra-peritoneal injection (45mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin dissolved in 0.1 mL fresh cold citrate buffer at pH 4.5. The various fractions were administered in doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The result of the hypoglycemic effect showed that rats administered Glibenclamide had 65.10 % ± 2.36 activity while rats administered 400mg/kg body weight of chloroform fraction had the highest percentage glucose reduction of 61.58 % ±4.56 followed by ethylacetate fraction (58.83±2.45), aqueous (53.95 % ±2.56), acetone fraction 52.73 % ±1.56 and n- hexane (19.32 % ±3.56) had the least activity. All fractions of Hunteria umbellata caused a significantly (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in dose dependent manner when compared with the diabetic untreated rats (-21.83±2.36). In animals treated with 200mg/kg body weight, the hypoglycemic effect of the Chloroform fraction was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the remaining fractions. Hunteria Umbellata leaf has some hypoglycemic potentials and could be further processed towards the management of diabetes mellitus.