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Metabolomic profile and allelopathy effects of Calotropis procera and Nicotiana tabacum extracts used as pesticidal agents on germination of maize seeds.

2026-05-10T08:12:37Z

Title: Metabolomic profile and allelopathy effects of Calotropis procera and Nicotiana tabacum extracts used as pesticidal agents on germination of maize seeds. Authors: Busari, M. B.; Hamzah, R. U.; Daudu, O.A.Y; Enejiyon, S. O.; Kuta, F. A.; Adabara, N. U.; Muhammad, M. D.; John, S. S. Abstract: Calotropis procera and Nicotiana tabacum leaves are among the natural pesticides that are generally used on various crops at various stages. However, many of these natural pesticides affect plant growth. This study determined the metabolomic profile and the allelopathic effects of Calotropis procera and Nicotiana tabacum leaf extracts (CPLE and NTLE) on germination of maize seed. The allelopathic activities of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol of CPLE and NTLE were determined on maize seed using concentration of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10% for 12 days. On days 3, 6, 9 and 12, the root and shoot development, germination percentage, and seedling vigour of maize seeds were determined. All CPLE contained calotropin, calotoxin, calactin, caffeic acid, thioacetate, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, luteolin, lineolone, voruscharin, uscharin and uscharidin, while azeleatin, tyranton were present in only the ethylacetate extracts. The NTLE revealed the presence of nicotine, chlorogenic acid, nornicotine, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, catechin, catechol, protocatechuic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, nicotelline, nicotianine, tabacine, tabacinine, harmine and anabasine while ajmalicine, pyridine and cotinine are absent in methanol extracts of NTLE. All seedlings show a reduction in germination percentage when compared to the control from the 3rd to the 12th day of germination. However, only 2.5% of both extracts exhibit concentrations 5% and 10%. Hence, high concentrations (5 and 10%) of CPLE and NTLE should be avoided when using as insecticide during germination stage of maize to prevent growth inhibition. of maize.

2. Busari M. B., Hamzah R. U., Yusuf R. S., Yahaya, A. S., Oladejo N. A. (2025). Comparative Qualitative Phytochemical Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Extract of Calotropis procera Flower and Latex. The 9th International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences, May 16-19, 2025, Dubai, UAE, Book of Proceeding, Pp 634-631

2026-05-10T07:26:46Z

Title: 2. Busari M. B., Hamzah R. U., Yusuf R. S., Yahaya, A. S., Oladejo N. A. (2025). Comparative Qualitative Phytochemical Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Extract of Calotropis procera Flower and Latex. The 9th International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences, May 16-19, 2025, Dubai, UAE, Book of Proceeding, Pp 634-631 Authors: Busari, M. B.; Hamzah, R. U.; Yusuf, R. S; Yahaya, A. S.; Oladejo, N. A. Abstract: Microbial infections are common disease among many ages and sexes. The most pathetic circumstances about their management is their resistance to the available drugs; which necessitate alternative therapy. Both C. procera flower and latex have been widely used locally in Nigeria to tackle microbial skin infections without any antimicrobial comparisons. Therefore, this study investigated the phytochemical constituents and in vitro activities of methanol extract of C. procera flower (MECPF) and its latex (CPL) against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using standard methods. Maximum inhibitory concentration of both MECPF and CPL were carried out on each bacterium at 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml using standard methods. The MECPF and CPL revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, anthraquinone, steroids and terpenoids, while glycoside and tannins are only present in CPL. None of the concentration (20 mg/ml, 40mg/ml and 60 mg/ml) of CPL is however active against E. coli, while only 40 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml of MECPF are active against the same organism. The maximum concentration (20 mg/ml) of CPL shows higher zone of inhibition when compared with 60 mg/ml of MECPF on pseudomonas aeruginosa. Contradictorily, maximum concentration (20 mg/ml) of CPL shows higher zone of inhibition on staphylococcus aureus compared to the maximum concentration (60 mg/ml) of MECPF. Therefore, CPL possesses higher antimicrobial activities on pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus but lower antimicrobial activities against E. coli when compared with MECPF.

Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant and Trypanocidal Activities of N-hexane and Ethylacetate Extracts of Azadirachta indica on Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

2026-05-10T07:19:05Z

Title: Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant and Trypanocidal Activities of N-hexane and Ethylacetate Extracts of Azadirachta indica on Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Authors: Busari, M. B.; Yusuf, R. S.; Ibrahim, Y.O.; Sanii, A.; Adegboye, A. S.; Dickson, J; Lawal, I. O; Egbeyale, M. O Abstract: both humans and animals. In this study, phytochemical analysis, antioxidant analysis via ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Inhibition of lipid peroxidation) as well as in vitro trypanocidal activities of n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of Azadirachta indica (NAI and EAI) were carried out using standard methods. Blood obtained from infected donor mice was diluted with glucose phosphate buffered saline to contain 1x103 parasites. Exactly 20 µL of the blood sample contained parasite was incubated with varying concentrations of 62.5 µg/mL, 125 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL of NAI and EAI in separate microtiter plates in triplicate for 190 minutes. The mixture was observed under microscope for parasite motility at 10 minutes intervals. Quantity of the phytochemicals are present in the following order; phenol > saponins > tannins > alkaloids > flavonoids in both samples while EAI showed high antioxidant activities. Complete cessation of the parasite motility was observed for all test concentrations within 190 minutes of the study. The most active extract was EAI which causes complete cessation within 50 minutes in 500 µg/mL while that of NAI was within 90 minutes in 500 µg/mL when compared with berenil that occurred within 10 minutes at 500 µg/ml. These results showed that EAI has high trypanocidal and antioxidant activities when compared with NAI. Hence, EAI could explored further for the treatment of African Animal Trypanosomiasis.

Effect of Methanol Seed Extract of Acacia nilotica on Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer in Wistar Rats.

2026-05-09T02:35:52Z

Title: Effect of Methanol Seed Extract of Acacia nilotica on Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer in Wistar Rats. Authors: Odu, N.M.; Bello, S.B.; Ogunsanya, M.U. Abstract: Ulcers are acid-induced lesions that develop on the mucous membrane and duodenum, often accompanied by inflammation, leading to abdominal pain, bleeding and perforation. Current treatments strategies for ulcers have limitations, including side effects, antibiotic resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, there is a need for alternative therapeutic agents with minimal side effects. Traditionally, medicinal plants which include Acacia nilotica, have been used for centuries to treat wide range of ailments including ulcer. The aim of this study was to authenticate this claim by investigating the effects of Acacia nilotica seed extract on indomethacin induced ulcer in Wistar rats. The phytochemical composition of Acacia nilotica, total acidity, pH, gastric volume and histopathological examinations were determined using standard methods. Six groups (three per group) of rats were induced with ulcer and treated with a standard drug and different concentrations of Acacia nilotica seed extract. Thereafter, the body weight of the animals were observed for a period of 21 days and then, sacrificed. The result showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and tannins with phenols having highest concentration (274.73±0.22 mg/100 g) while alkaloids had the lowest concentration (13.20±0.15 mg/100 g). The results also showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in body weight in groups treated with Acacia nilotica seed extract when compared to the untreated group. Again, Acacia nilotica seed extract, particularly at the 400mg/kg body weight dose showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the antiulcerative effects, with total acidity (64.07±1.08 meq/L)), pH (2.94±0.16), gastric volume (7.40±0.47 ml) and mild gastric mucosal damage as compared to the untreated group; indicating significant protection. The results demonstrate the potential of Acacia nilotica extract as the natural source of antiulcer and this suggests that the plant could have relevance in the management of ulcer disorders.